Resources / Forestry

The forestry KPIs that compound over a rotation.

You plant once and harvest once a decade, so the returns are locked in by the small silvicultural calls made in between. A point of extra survival, a season of weed control, a millimetre of daily height: tracked over ten years, those are the levers that decide the crop.

Karri Ridge Estate
42 haBlue gum · E. globulus1,100 stems/ha950 mm rainfall2016–2026 rotation
01 / Establishment & stand

Seedling survival

The share of planted seedlings that establish and hold through to canopy closure, the foundation every later metric is built on.

Target 90% 100% planted 92% plant yr 2 yr 10

Stocking at harvest

Living stems standing per hectare at clearfall, how much of the planted density carried a merchantable stem to the mill.

Planted · 1,100 Established · 1,012 Harvest · 950 92% 86%

Height growth

Dominant top height by age, blue gum's headline growth trait, and the earliest read on site quality.

Site target 29 m K7 · 29 m District · 25 m yr 2 yr 8 yr 10

Stand uniformity

How evenly diameter is spread across the stand, a tight distribution means fewer suppressed stems and a cleaner harvest.

mean 19 cm 10 14 18 20 24 28
02 / Growth & yield

Mean annual increment

Total standing volume divided by stand age, the single number the whole rotation is planned around, and the one that sets the harvest date.

Good site >20 22 K7 MAI District 17 yr 3 yr 8 yr 10

Standing volume

Merchantable stem volume accumulated per hectare, the raw stock the harvest converts into green tonnes.

220 55 120 185 yr 4 yr 7 yr 10

Basal area

Cross-sectional stem area per hectare, the density gauge that tells you whether the stand is fully using the site or crowding itself.

28 Full-site 25–30 Self-thin 32 0 40 m²/ha

Rotation length

Where current annual growth falls back through the running average, mean increment culminates, the biologically optimal moment to clearfall.

culminate yr 10 MAI Current annual increment yr 2 yr 10 yr 14

Production grading

How harvest volume splits across log grades, sawlog, pulpwood and residue. In a short-rotation pulp crop the premium sawlog fraction is small, and it sets the ceiling on long-term carbon storage.

12% sawlog Pulp / chip · 80% Sawlog / veneer · 12% Residue / bark · 8%
03 / Health & risk

Leaf disease defoliation

Crown lost to Mycosphaerella and Teratosphaeria leaf blight, blue gum's chief growth thief, worst in the wet establishment years.

Action >20% 22 17 13 12 yr 2 yr 4 yr 6 yr 8

Fire loss

Standing crop lost to wildfire each year across the estate, the tail risk that a decade of growth is exposed to right up to harvest.

Estate cap 1.5% 1.4 0.5 0.1 0.8 2023 2024 2025 2026

Browsing damage

Young seedlings browsed by kangaroos and wallabies in the first summer, controllable, and cheap to fix compared with a replant.

Replant risk 20% 6% 17% Managed Unbaited district

Summer growth check

The stall in stem growth through the hot, dry Mediterranean summer, deep-soil moisture is what carries the crop across it.

summer check Stem growth rate Jul Nov Feb Jun
04 / Financial

Cost of production

Everything it costs to put a green metric tonne on the mill weighbridge, your breakeven, independent of the export chip price.

$34 / GMT Harvest $12 Haulage $9 Silviculture $6 Roading $3 Overheads $4

Mill-door price

The blended price your green tonnes actually earn at the mill or chip terminal, margin per tonne starts against your breakeven.

Breakeven $34 $54 $38 $48 Export chip Domestic Blended

Gross margin per hectare

Rotation margin spread back across the years it took to grow, the annualised figure that lets forestry stand next to any other land use.

$448 $305 $356 $402 2011 crop 2021 K7

Internal rate of return

The discount rate at which the rotation's discounted costs and revenue break even, how forestry is judged against every other investment.

Hurdle 7% 7.2 6.2 7.1 8.5 2011 crop District Prev K7 K7 2026
05 / Environment

Carbon sequestration

Carbon dioxide locked into standing biomass and roots over the rotation, a co-product the crop banks every year it grows.

180 ≈18 tCO₂e/ha/yr avg yr 2 yr 6 yr 10

Carbon storage life

Where the carbon in the harvested wood ends up, locked into long-lived timber, or in pulp and paper that releases it within a few years. Grade decides the split.

12% locked long-term 12% 80% Long-term · sawn hardwood (decades) Short-term · pulp, chip, paper (1–3 yrs) Residue · bark & fines (near-term)

Water-use efficiency

Wood volume grown per megalitre of rainfall used, the true measure of productivity in a catchment where every tree draws on the water balance.

Top sites ~3.0 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2023 2024 2025 2026

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