Resources / Dairy

The dairy KPIs behind every vat.

A profitable lactation is built from small, compounding gains: an extra litre per cow, half a point off the cell count, a tighter return to calf, a cent saved per litre. Tracking the right benchmarks across the year is how you find and hold those gains.

Willow Creek Dairy
280 milkers150 ha platformYear-round calvingSE Queensland · 2025–26
01 / Reproduction & herd

Conception rate

The share of inseminations that result in a pregnancy, the first read on fertility and joining readiness.

55% 48% 45% Top herds Willow Ck National

100-day in-calf rate

The share of the herd back in calf within 100 days of calving, the key timing measure in a year-round herd.

Willow Ck 52% Target 65% day 0 day 60 day 100

Calving rate

Live calves reared against the cows eligible to breed, the herd's reproductive output and replacement supply.

Eligible · 280 In-calf · 235 Calved · 228 Reared · 220

Not-in-calf rate

The share of the herd still empty 200 days after calving, cows you must cull or carry unproductively.

16% empty In-calf · 235 Empty · 45

Age at first calving

How old replacement heifers are when they first calve and enter the herd, the payoff of the rearing program.

Target ≤24 mo 24 mo 27 mo Willow Ck District
02 / Milk yield & components

Litres per head

Milk volume per cow per day across the lactation, peak yield and persistency in one curve.

32 L peak early late

Milk solids per cow

Kilograms of fat plus protein per cow, the basis most processors actually pay on, not litres.

470 kg MS / cow Fat Protein Fat · 256 kg Protein · 211 kg

Milk fat %

Butterfat as a share of milk, it drives milk-solids payment and rises late in lactation.

3.8% 4.5%

Milk protein %

Protein as a share of milk, the higher-value solid, steered by energy in the diet.

3.1% 3.6%

Days in milk

How cows spread across stages of lactation, a steady spread keeps the vat full all year.

68 74 72 66 0–60 60–120 120–200 200–305
03 / Herd health & milk quality

Mastitis cases per week

New clinical cases detected each week, the frontline signal of udder health and milking hygiene.

alert >5/wk Wk 1 Wk 8

Bulk milk cell count

Somatic cells per mL in the vat, the herd-level read on subclinical mastitis and quality premiums.

premium <250k 210k Wk 1 Wk 8

Lactation stage

The split of the herd across early, mid and late lactation, it drives feed demand and vat volume.

30% 42% 28% Early · 84 cows Mid · 118 cows Late · 78
04 / Land & pasture

Stocking rate

Milkers carried per hectare of the milking platform, grazing pressure matched to pasture grown.

Jul Jun

Dry matter production

Pasture grown per hectare per day against herd demand, where they cross is the winter feed gap.

75 winter gap Growth Demand Jan May Jul Dec

Home-grown feed eaten

Tonnes of pasture and silage eaten per cow, the cheapest feed and the base of every ration.

60% home-grown Home-grown · 9 t Bought-in · 6 t
05 / Financial

Cost of production

Total operating cost per litre of milk produced, your breakeven, independent of the farmgate price.

52 ¢ / litre Feed 24¢ Labour 10¢ Herd & shed 9¢ Overheads 9¢

Milk income over feed cost

Milk income less feed, the largest single cost, the fastest read on whether the ration is paying.

$16.80 −$8.00 $8.80 Milk income Feed cost MOFC

Gross margin per hectare

Milk income less direct costs per hectare of platform, the truest measure of land productivity.

$3,800 2023 2024 2025 2026
06 / Environment

Emissions intensity

Kilograms of CO₂-equivalent per litre of milk, and it falls as the herd gets more efficient.

Sector 0.9–1.1 0.95 2023 2024 2025 2026

See these KPIs live for your own herd.

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